代码覆盖率

本文最后更新于：2025年3月14日 晚上

代码覆盖率

一、Maven依赖

pom.xml

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<build>
    <finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>
    <plugins>
        <!-- maven基础编译插件，默认启用，可不显式配置 -->
        <!-- 首次打包，不包含依赖包和tomcat服务器，此jar包不可直接运行 -->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.8.1</version>
            <configuration>
                <source>1.8</source>
                <target>1.8</target>
                <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <!-- spring-boot-maven编译插件 -->
        <!-- 二次重新打包，加入依赖包并嵌入tomcat服务后重新打包成可执行的jar包  -->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.18</version>
            <configuration>
                <mainClass>${main.class}</mainClass>
                <skip>true</skip>
            </configuration>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <id>repackage</id>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>repackage</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
        <!-- Maven测试生命周期运行单元测试插件 -->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.0-M5</version>
        </plugin>
        <!-- jacoco代码覆盖率插件 -->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
            <artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>0.8.7</version>
            <configuration>
                <!-- 包含的测试类 -->
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*Test.java</include>
                </includes>
                <!-- 排除的测试类 -->
                <excludes>
                    <exclude>**/*IntegrationTest.java</exclude>
                </excludes>
                <!-- 并行测试 -->
                <parallel>methods</parallel>
                <threadCount>4</threadCount>
                <!-- 忽略测试失败 -->
                <testFailureIgnore>true</testFailureIgnore>
            </configuration>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>prepare-agent</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
                <execution>
                    <id>report</id>
                    <phase>test</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>report</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

二、测试类型

2.1、单元测试

  • 适用场景：测试单个类或方法的逻辑。
  • 工具：JUnit、TestNG 等。
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@Test
public void testAdd() {
    Calculator calculator = new Calculator();
    assertEquals(5, calculator.add(2, 3));
}

2.2、集成测试

  • 适用场景：测试多个模块或组件的交互，例如数据库访问、REST API 调用等。
  • 工具：Spring Boot Test、Testcontainers 等。
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package com.hmall.user.service.impl;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.plugins.pagination.Page;
import com.hmall.user.UserApplication;
import com.hmall.user.service.UserService;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;

@ActiveProfiles("dev")
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.DEFINED_PORT)
class UserServiceImplTest {

    @Resource
    private UserService userService;

    @Test
    void getUserById() {
        // 非空判断
        assertNotNull(userService.getUserById(1L));
    }

    @Test
    void listUsers() {
        // 非空判断
        assertNotNull(userService.listUsers(new Page<>(1,10)));
    }
}

2.3、端到端测试

  • 适用场景：测试整个系统的功能，模拟用户操作。
  • 工具：Selenium、Cypress 等。

若用Selenium，则需要引入对应的依赖：

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<!-- Selenium Java 客户端库 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
    <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
    <version>4.10.0</version> <!-- 使用最新版本 -->
</dependency>

<!-- WebDriverManager（可选，用于自动管理浏览器驱动） -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.github.bonigarcia</groupId>
    <artifactId>webdrivermanager</artifactId>
    <version>5.5.3</version> <!-- 使用最新版本 -->
</dependency>

此种就无法自动生成测试类了，只能自行创建。

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package com.hmall.user;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Disabled;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;

/**
 * 端到端测试
 * @author peter
 */
class ClientToClientTest {
    
    @Disabled("示例程序，无需执行测试！")
    @Test
    void testLogin() {
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.get("https://example.com/login");
        driver.findElement(By.id("username")).sendKeys("user");
        driver.findElement(By.id("password")).sendKeys("pass");
        driver.findElement(By.id("submit")).click();
        // 判断登录成功后跳转的页面是否包含预期的内容（仪表盘）
        assertTrue(driver.getCurrentUrl().contains("dashboard"));
        driver.quit();
    }
}

三、执行测试

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[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:3.0.0-M5:test (default-test) @ user-service ---
[INFO] 
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]  T E S T S
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Running com.hmall.user.service.impl.UserServiceImplTest
22:17:08.639 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapUtils - Instantiating CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate from class [org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate]
22:17:08.663 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapUtils - Instantiating BootstrapContext using constructor [public org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultBootstrapContext(java.lang.Class,org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate)]
22:17:08.730 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapUtils - Instantiating TestContextBootstrapper for test class [com.hmall.user.service.impl.UserServiceImplTest] from class [org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper]
22:17:08.746 [main] INFO org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper - Neither @ContextConfiguration nor @ContextHierarchy found for test class [com.hmall.user.service.impl.UserServiceImplTest], using SpringBootContextLoader
22:17:08.755 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractContextLoader - Did not detect default resource location for test class [com.hmall.user.service.impl.UserServiceImplTest]: class path resource [com/hmall/user/service/impl/UserServiceImplTest-context.xml] does not exist
22:17:08.756 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractContextLoader - Did not detect default resource location for test class [com.hmall.user.service.impl.UserServiceImplTest]: class path resource [com/hmall/user/service/impl/UserServiceImplTestContext.groovy] does not exist
22:17:08.757 [main] INFO org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractContextLoader - Could not detect default resource locations for test class [com.hmall.user.service.impl.UserServiceImplTest]: no resource found for suffixes {-context.xml, Context.groovy}.
22:17:08.758 [main] INFO org.springframework.test.context.support.AnnotationConfigContextLoaderUtils - Could not detect default configuration classes for test class [com.hmall.user.service.impl.UserServiceImplTest]: UserServiceImplTest does not declare any static, non-private, non-final, nested classes annotated with @Configuration.
22:17:08.942 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.context.annotation.ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider - Identified candidate component class: file [D:\home\hmall\user-service\target\classes\com\hmall\user\UserApplication.class]
22:17:08.944 [main] INFO org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper - Found @SpringBootConfiguration com.hmall.user.UserApplication for test class com.hmall.user.service.impl.UserServiceImplTest
22:17:09.087 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper - @TestExecutionListeners is not present for class [com.hmall.user.service.impl.UserServiceImplTest]: using defaults.
22:17:09.088 [main] INFO org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper - Loaded default TestExecutionListener class names from location [META-INF/spring.factories]: [org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.ResetMocksTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.restdocs.RestDocsTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.client.MockRestServiceServerResetTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MockMvcPrintOnlyOnFailureTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebDriverTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.webservices.client.MockWebServiceServerTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextBeforeModesTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.event.ApplicationEventsTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.event.EventPublishingTestExecutionListener]
22:17:09.117 [main] INFO org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper - Using TestExecutionListeners: [org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener@4946485c, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextBeforeModesTestExecutionListener@4ae958b0, org.springframework.test.context.event.ApplicationEventsTestExecutionListener@7c682e26, org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener@4ff074a0, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@340fc1aa, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener@34a33343, org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener@98722ef, org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener@459e120b, org.springframework.test.context.event.EventPublishingTestExecutionListener@fd69983, org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.ResetMocksTestExecutionListener@22429a11, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.restdocs.RestDocsTestExecutionListener@126254ec, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.client.MockRestServiceServerResetTestExecutionListener@275902e1, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MockMvcPrintOnlyOnFailureTestExecutionListener@1c788d08, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebDriverTestExecutionListener@2adc1e84, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.webservices.client.MockWebServiceServerTestExecutionListener@2a99fa07]
22:17:09.123 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDirtiesContextTestExecutionListener - Before test class: context [DefaultTestContext@7fb82f73 testClass = UserServiceImplTest, testInstance = [null], testMethod = [null], testException = [null], mergedContextConfiguration = [WebMergedContextConfiguration@2f166d61 testClass = UserServiceImplTest, locations = '{}', classes = '{class com.hmall.user.UserApplication}', contextInitializerClasses = '[]', activeProfiles = '{dev}', propertySourceLocations = '{}', propertySourceProperties = '{org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper=true}', contextCustomizers = set[org.springframework.boot.test.context.filter.ExcludeFilterContextCustomizer@294aba23, org.springframework.boot.test.json.DuplicateJsonObjectContextCustomizerFactory$DuplicateJsonObjectContextCustomizer@46e3559f, org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoContextCustomizer@0, org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplateContextCustomizer@74024f3, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.actuate.metrics.MetricsExportContextCustomizerFactory$DisableMetricExportContextCustomizer@9ab310b, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.properties.PropertyMappingContextCustomizer@0, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebDriverContextCustomizerFactory$Customizer@61874b9d, org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestArgs@1, org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestWebEnvironment@4763c727], resourceBasePath = 'src/main/webapp', contextLoader = 'org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader', parent = [null]], attributes = map['org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.activateListener' -> false]], class annotated with @DirtiesContext [false] with mode [null].
22:17:09.142 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener - Performing dependency injection for test context [[DefaultTestContext@7fb82f73 testClass = UserServiceImplTest, testInstance = com.hmall.user.service.impl.UserServiceImplTest@778197c0, testMethod = [null], testException = [null], mergedContextConfiguration = [WebMergedContextConfiguration@2f166d61 testClass = UserServiceImplTest, locations = '{}', classes = '{class com.hmall.user.UserApplication}', contextInitializerClasses = '[]', activeProfiles = '{dev}', propertySourceLocations = '{}', propertySourceProperties = '{org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper=true}', contextCustomizers = set[org.springframework.boot.test.context.filter.ExcludeFilterContextCustomizer@294aba23, org.springframework.boot.test.json.DuplicateJsonObjectContextCustomizerFactory$DuplicateJsonObjectContextCustomizer@46e3559f, org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoContextCustomizer@0, org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplateContextCustomizer@74024f3, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.actuate.metrics.MetricsExportContextCustomizerFactory$DisableMetricExportContextCustomizer@9ab310b, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.properties.PropertyMappingContextCustomizer@0, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebDriverContextCustomizerFactory$Customizer@61874b9d, org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestArgs@1, org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestWebEnvironment@4763c727], resourceBasePath = 'src/main/webapp', contextLoader = 'org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader', parent = [null]], attributes = map['org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.activateListener' -> false, 'org.springframework.test.context.event.ApplicationEventsTestExecutionListener.recordApplicationEvents' -> false]]].
22:17:09.221 [main] INFO org.springframework.boot.devtools.restart.RestartApplicationListener - Restart disabled due to context in which it is running
2025-03-14 22:17:10.982  INFO 5408 --- [           main] c.a.n.client.env.SearchableProperties    : properties search order:PROPERTIES->JVM->ENV->DEFAULT_SETTING
2025-03-14 22:17:11.879  INFO 5408 --- [           main] c.a.n.p.a.s.c.ClientAuthPluginManager    : [ClientAuthPluginManager] Load ClientAuthService com.alibaba.nacos.client.auth.impl.NacosClientAuthServiceImpl success.
2025-03-14 22:17:11.879  INFO 5408 --- [           main] c.a.n.p.a.s.c.ClientAuthPluginManager    : [ClientAuthPluginManager] Load ClientAuthService com.alibaba.nacos.client.auth.ram.RamClientAuthServiceImpl success.

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::               (v2.7.18)

2025-03-14 22:17:15.324  WARN 5408 --- [           main] c.a.c.n.c.NacosPropertySourceBuilder     : Ignore the empty nacos configuration and get it based on dataId[user-service] & group[DEFAULT_GROUP]
2025-03-14 22:17:15.333  WARN 5408 --- [           main] c.a.c.n.c.NacosPropertySourceBuilder     : Ignore the empty nacos configuration and get it based on dataId[user-service.properties] & group[DEFAULT_GROUP]
2025-03-14 22:17:15.340  WARN 5408 --- [           main] c.a.c.n.c.NacosPropertySourceBuilder     : Ignore the empty nacos configuration and get it based on dataId[user-service-dev.properties] & group[DEFAULT_GROUP]
2025-03-14 22:17:15.341  INFO 5408 --- [           main] b.c.PropertySourceBootstrapConfiguration : Located property source: [BootstrapPropertySource {name='bootstrapProperties-user-service-dev.properties,DEFAULT_GROUP'}, BootstrapPropertySource {name='bootstrapProperties-user-service.properties,DEFAULT_GROUP'}, BootstrapPropertySource {name='bootstrapProperties-user-service,DEFAULT_GROUP'}]
2025-03-14 22:17:15.380  INFO 5408 --- [           main] c.h.u.service.impl.UserServiceImplTest   : The following 1 profile is active: "dev"
2025-03-14 22:17:16.133  INFO 5408 --- [           main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Multiple Spring Data modules found, entering strict repository configuration mode
2025-03-14 22:17:16.137  INFO 5408 --- [           main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Bootstrapping Spring Data Redis repositories in DEFAULT mode.
2025-03-14 22:17:16.173  INFO 5408 --- [           main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Finished Spring Data repository scanning in 14 ms. Found 0 Redis repository interfaces.
2025-03-14 22:17:16.489  INFO 5408 --- [           main] o.s.cloud.context.scope.GenericScope     : BeanFactory id=02dfcb6a-428d-35d6-8d28-7cff4d04a8d4
2025-03-14 22:17:17.644  INFO 5408 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8081 (http)
2025-03-14 22:17:17.659  INFO 5408 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
2025-03-14 22:17:17.660  INFO 5408 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.83]
2025-03-14 22:17:17.856  INFO 5408 --- [           main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2025-03-14 22:17:17.856  INFO 5408 --- [           main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 2467 ms
2025-03-14 22:17:18.240  INFO 5408 --- [           main] c.a.d.s.b.a.DruidDataSourceAutoConfigure : Init DruidDataSource
2025-03-14 22:17:19.217  INFO 5408 --- [           main] com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource   : {dataSource-1} inited
 _ _   |_  _ _|_. ___ _ |    _ 
| | |\/|_)(_| | |_\  |_)||_|_\ 
     /               |         
                        3.4.3 
2025-03-14 22:17:22.943  INFO 5408 --- [           main] o.s.cloud.commons.util.InetUtils         : Cannot determine local hostname
2025-03-14 22:17:23.467 DEBUG 5408 --- [           main] o.s.d.r.l.RedisMessageListenerContainer  : Starting RedisMessageListenerContainer...
2025-03-14 22:17:23.468 DEBUG 5408 --- [           main] o.s.d.r.l.RedisMessageListenerContainer  : Postpone listening for Redis messages until actual listeners are added.
2025-03-14 22:17:24.957  INFO 5408 --- [           main] o.s.cloud.commons.util.InetUtils         : Cannot determine local hostname
2025-03-14 22:17:25.305  INFO 5408 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 8081 (http) with context path ''
2025-03-14 22:17:25.328  INFO 5408 --- [           main] c.a.n.p.a.s.c.ClientAuthPluginManager    : [ClientAuthPluginManager] Load ClientAuthService com.alibaba.nacos.client.auth.impl.NacosClientAuthServiceImpl success.
2025-03-14 22:17:25.328  INFO 5408 --- [           main] c.a.n.p.a.s.c.ClientAuthPluginManager    : [ClientAuthPluginManager] Load ClientAuthService com.alibaba.nacos.client.auth.ram.RamClientAuthServiceImpl success.
2025-03-14 22:17:25.477  INFO 5408 --- [           main] c.a.c.n.registry.NacosServiceRegistry    : nacos registry, DEFAULT_GROUP user-service 192.168.56.1:8081 register finished
2025-03-14 22:17:26.784  INFO 5408 --- [           main] o.s.cloud.commons.util.InetUtils         : Cannot determine local hostname
2025-03-14 22:17:26.794  INFO 5408 --- [           main] c.h.u.service.impl.UserServiceImplTest   : Started UserServiceImplTest in 17.593 seconds (JVM running for 19.159)
2025-03-14 22:17:26.816  INFO 5408 --- [           main] c.a.c.n.refresh.NacosContextRefresher    : [Nacos Config] Listening config: dataId=user-service.properties, group=DEFAULT_GROUP
2025-03-14 22:17:26.817  INFO 5408 --- [           main] c.a.c.n.refresh.NacosContextRefresher    : [Nacos Config] Listening config: dataId=user-service, group=DEFAULT_GROUP
2025-03-14 22:17:26.818  INFO 5408 --- [           main] c.a.c.n.refresh.NacosContextRefresher    : [Nacos Config] Listening config: dataId=user-service-dev.properties, group=DEFAULT_GROUP
2025-03-14 22:17:28.212 DEBUG 5408 --- [           main] c.h.u.m.UserMapper.listUsers_mpCount     : ==>  Preparing: SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t_user
2025-03-14 22:17:28.461 DEBUG 5408 --- [           main] c.h.u.m.UserMapper.listUsers_mpCount     : ==> Parameters: 
2025-03-14 22:17:28.510 DEBUG 5408 --- [           main] c.h.u.m.UserMapper.listUsers_mpCount     : <==      Total: 1
2025-03-14 22:17:28.518 DEBUG 5408 --- [           main] c.h.user.mapper.UserMapper.listUsers     : ==>  Preparing: select id,username,password,birthday,gender,phone, email,status,create_time,update_time,delete_time, version,deleted,remark from t_user LIMIT ?
2025-03-14 22:17:28.523 DEBUG 5408 --- [           main] c.h.user.mapper.UserMapper.listUsers     : ==> Parameters: 10(Long)
2025-03-14 22:17:28.529 DEBUG 5408 --- [           main] c.h.user.mapper.UserMapper.listUsers     : <==      Total: 1
2025-03-14 22:17:28.575  INFO 5408 --- [           main] c.h.user.service.impl.UserServiceImpl    : 查询用户信息：1
2025-03-14 22:17:28.576 DEBUG 5408 --- [           main] c.h.user.mapper.UserMapper.getUserById   : ==>  Preparing: select id,username,password,birthday,gender,phone, email,status,create_time,update_time,delete_time, version,deleted,remark from t_user where id = ?
2025-03-14 22:17:28.616 DEBUG 5408 --- [           main] c.h.user.mapper.UserMapper.getUserById   : ==> Parameters: 1(Long)
2025-03-14 22:17:28.618 DEBUG 5408 --- [           main] c.h.user.mapper.UserMapper.getUserById   : <==      Total: 1
[INFO] Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 20.084 s - in com.hmall.user.service.impl.UserServiceImplTest
[INFO] 
[INFO] Results:
[INFO] 
[INFO] Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
[INFO] 
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- jacoco-maven-plugin:0.8.7:report (report) @ user-service ---
[INFO] Loading execution data file D:\home\hmall\user-service\target\jacoco.exec
[INFO] Analyzed bundle 'user-service' with 22 classes
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  36.816 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2025-03-14T22:17:30+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

进程已结束，退出代码为 0

四、测试报告

此目录下有surefire生成的测试报告：

1
\target\surefire-reports\

此目录下生成了代码覆盖率报告（文件为index.html）:

1
\target\site\jacoco\

五、代码覆盖率报告

JaCoCo 报告通常以 HTML 格式呈现，各列对应的含义：

  1. Element（元素）
  • 含义：表示代码的层级或类型，例如类、方法、包等。
  • 示例：
    • com.example.Calculator（类）
    • com.example.Calculator#add（方法）
    • com.example（包）
  1. Missed Instructions（未覆盖的指令）
  • 含义：未被执行到的 字节码指令 数量。
  • 说明：JaCoCo 在字节码级别统计覆盖率，每条 Java 代码可能对应多条字节码指令。
  • 目标：尽量减少未覆盖的指令数。
  1. Cov. (Instructions Coverage)（指令覆盖率）

  • 含义：已执行的字节码指令占总指令数的百分比。

  • 公式：

    1
    指令覆盖率 = (总指令数 - 未覆盖的指令数) / 总指令数 * 100%

  • 目标：尽量提高指令覆盖率。

  1. Missed Branches（未覆盖的分支）
  • 含义：未被执行到的 分支 数量。
  • 说明：分支指 if、switch、for、while 等条件语句的分支路径。
  • 目标：尽量减少未覆盖的分支数。
  1. Cov. (Branches Coverage)（分支覆盖率）

  • 含义：已执行的分支占总分支数的百分比。

  • 公式：

    1
    分支覆盖率 = (总分支数 - 未覆盖的分支数) / 总分支数 * 100%

  • 目标：尽量提高分支覆盖率。

  1. Missed Cxty（未覆盖的圈复杂度）
  • 含义：未被执行到的 圈复杂度 数量。
  • 说明：圈复杂度（Cyclomatic Complexity）是衡量代码复杂度的指标，表示代码中独立路径的数量。
  • 目标：尽量减少未覆盖的圈复杂度。
  1. Cxty (Cyclomatic Complexity)（圈复杂度）
  • 含义：代码的圈复杂度值。
  • 说明：圈复杂度越高，代码越复杂，越难维护。
  • 目标：尽量降低圈复杂度。
  1. Missed Lines（未覆盖的代码行）
  • 含义：未被执行到的 代码行 数量。
  • 说明：JaCoCo 统计每一行代码是否被执行。
  • 目标：尽量减少未覆盖的代码行数。
  1. Cov. (Lines Coverage)（行覆盖率）

  • 含义：已执行的代码行占总代码行数的百分比。

  • 公式：

    1
    行覆盖率 = (总代码行数 - 未覆盖的代码行数) / 总代码行数 * 100%

  • 目标：尽量提高行覆盖率。

  1. Missed Methods（未覆盖的方法）
  • 含义：未被执行到的 方法 数量。
  • 说明：JaCoCo 统计每个方法是否被调用。
  • 目标：尽量减少未覆盖的方法数。
  1. Cov. (Methods Coverage)（方法覆盖率）

  • 含义：已执行的方法占方法总数的百分比。

  • 公式：

    1
    方法覆盖率 = (总方法数 - 未覆盖的方法数) / 总方法数 * 100%

  • 目标：尽量提高方法覆盖率。

  1. Missed Classes（未覆盖的类）
  • 含义：未被执行到的 类 数量。
  • 说明：JaCoCo 统计每个类是否被调用。
  • 目标：尽量减少未覆盖的类数。
  1. Cov. (Classes Coverage)（类覆盖率）

  • 含义：已执行的类占类总数的百分比。

  • 公式：

    1
    类覆盖率 = (总类数 - 未覆盖的类数) / 总类数 * 100%

  • 目标：尽量提高类覆盖率。

表格示例：

Element Missed Instructions Cov. Missed Branches Cov. Missed Cxty Cxty Missed Lines Cov. Missed Methods Cov. Missed Classes Cov.
com.example.Calculator 5 90% 2 80% 1 3 3 85% 1 75% 0 100%
com.example.Main 10 70% 3 70% 2 4 5 60% 2 50% 0 100%

解读：

  • com.example.Calculator：
    • 指令覆盖率为 90%，未覆盖 5 条指令。
    • 分支覆盖率为 80%，未覆盖 2 个分支。
    • 行覆盖率为 85%，未覆盖 3 行代码。
    • 方法覆盖率为 75%，未覆盖 1 个方法。
    • 类覆盖率为 100%，所有类都被覆盖。
  • com.example.Main：
    • 指令覆盖率为 70%，未覆盖 10 条指令。
    • 分支覆盖率为 70%，未覆盖 3 个分支。
    • 行覆盖率为 60%，未覆盖 5 行代码。
    • 方法覆盖率为 50%，未覆盖 2 个方法。
    • 类覆盖率为 100%，所有类都被覆盖。
软件测试
#junit #maven
代码覆盖率
https://superlovelace.top/2025/03/14/代码覆盖率/
作者
棱境
发布于
2025年3月14日
更新于
2025年3月14日
许可协议