Git克隆和提交代码

本文最后更新于：2025年2月18日下午

Git克隆和提交代码

Progit中文版书籍：https://www.progit.cn/

准备

windows系统先下载git，官方下载页：https://git-scm.com/download/win
创建本地项目文件夹存储库并进入

配置

右键打开git bash，执行仓库初始化命令

1	`git init #然后回车`

此时会在项目存储库生成.git文件夹及其内容

设置个人信息

设置用户名：

1	`git config --global user.name "Your Name"`

查看用户名：

1	`git config user.name`

设置邮箱：

1	`git config --global user.email "email@example.com"`

查看邮箱：

1	`git config user.email`

查看配置信息：

1	`git config --list #可查看当前用户信息以及其他的一些信息`

生成SSH密钥

指定文件名生成密钥（方便查看公钥以后要用的地方），否则文件名将用默认名称

指定密钥文件名为gitee_id_rsa

1	`ssh-keygen -t rsa -C 'Gitee SSH Key' -f ~/.ssh/gitee_id_rsa`

指定密钥文件名为github_id_rsa

1	`ssh-keygen -t rsa -C 'Github SSH Key' -f ~/.ssh/github_id_rsa`

常用参数注释：

-t 加/解密算法类型（rsa、ed25519等）

-b 秘钥长度,rsa默认秘钥长度的为 2048

-C 注释，一般是填写用户名

-f 指定生成的秘钥文件名，如果不提供此参数则使用默认文件名，如rsa私钥默认文件名 ~/.ssh/id_rsa ，公钥默认文件名 ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

首次生成SSH密钥会有三次询问，根据需要设置，想免密推送就不设置密码

user@DESKTOP MINGW64 ~/Desktop
$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -C 'Gitee SSH Key' -f ~/.ssh/gitee_id_rsa
//生成一对RSA密钥
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
//密钥文件存储位置，直接回车使用默认路径
Enter file in which to save the key (/Users/user/.ssh/gitee_id_rsa):
//设置密码，若直接回车则不设置密码
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
//确认密码，和上步操作相同
Enter same passphrase again:
//文件存储位置
Your identification has been saved in /c/Users/user/.ssh/gitee_id_rsa
Your public key has been saved in /c/Users/user/.ssh/gitee_id_rsa.pub

The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:wXKzkWFbVONiEtSWPXjcjVy0oONsMYbBU59h7mlMwes Gitee SSH Key
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
|       .*++B+B =o|
|       o OB.XoO o|
|      . Xo+B.*.. |
|       o B+.B..  |
|        S  +.=   |
|          . .E   |
|                 |
|                 |
|                 |
+----[SHA256]-----+

user@DESKTOP MINGW64 ~/Desktop

创建`config`文件

进入生成的密钥文件夹，创建文件，文件名为config，没有后缀。然后添加以下内容：

# gitee
Host gitee.com
HostName gitee.com
PreferredAuthentications publickey
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/gitee_id_rsa
# github
Host github.com
HostName github.com
PreferredAuthentications publickey
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/github_id_rsa

注：Host 和HostName 填写 git 服务器的域名，IdentityFile 指定私钥的路径

配置公钥到Gitee或Github：

Gitee SSH配置地址在：个人资料的安全设置–>SSH公钥
Github SSH配置地址在：用户头像–>右侧边栏–>Settings–>Access–>SSH and GPG keys

查看生成的SSH公钥：

方式一：用记事本打开公钥文件，全选复制。

方式二：用gitbash查看

查看.ssh文件夹内的所有文件

1	`ls ~/.ssh/`

输出内容：

1
2
3

user@DESKTOP MINGW64 ~/Desktop
$ ls ~/.ssh/
config        gitee_id_rsa.pub  github_id_rsa.pub  gitee_id_rsa  github_id_rsa

公钥文件为：gitee_id_rsa.pub 和github_id_rsa.pub，
私钥文件为：gitee_id_rsa 和github_id_rsa

查看公钥内容：

1	`cat ~/.ssh/gitee_id_rsa.pub`

输出内容：

1
2
3

user@DESKTOP MINGW64 ~/Desktop
$ cat ~/.ssh/gitee_id_rsa.pub
ssh-rsa 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 Gitee SSH Key

测试

配置完成后回到git bash，测试配置的信息

1 2	`ssh -T git@gitee.com ssh -T git@github.com`

成功后，显示如下内容：

测试gitee:

1
2
3

user@DESKTOP MINGW64 ~/Desktop
$ ssh -T git@gitee.com
Hi user! You've successfully authenticated, but GITEE.COM does not provide shell access.

测试github:

1
2
3

user@DESKTOP MINGW64 ~/Desktop
$ ssh -T git@github.com
Hi user! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access.

克隆项目到本地

先进入之前创建的项目文件夹

链接到远程库

1	`git remote add origin https://git.oschina.net/xxxxxx/xxxxxx.git`

克隆项目

1	`git clone git@gitee.com:AprilDawn/AprilDawn.gitee.io.git`

这样项目就下载到项目仓库了，现在就可以打开项目写代码了。

项目提交

当完成代码后，进入克隆的项目里。

添加文件

添加项目中新增或改动的文件到缓存

1	`git add .`

注：点表示添加目录下所有文件到缓存库,如果只添加某个文件,只需把 . 换成你要添加的文件名即可;

添加注释

用以说明此次提交更改了哪些信息

1	`git commit -m "新增什么功能，修复了什么BUG等等"`

推送提交到远程仓库

这是默认推送到master分支

1	`git push`

推送到指定分支

1	`git push origin 分支名`

朱美全@DESKTOP-NHHHFLU MINGW64 /e/gitproject/Light-Year-Admin-Using-Iframe-v5 (master)
$ git add .
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in js/scroll-numbers.js.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory

朱美全@DESKTOP-NHHHFLU MINGW64 /e/gitproject/Light-Year-Admin-Using-Iframe-v5 (master)
$ git commit -m "新增首页数字滚动效果"
[master a4a9167] 新增首页数字滚动效果
 2 files changed, 85 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 js/scroll-numbers.js

朱美全@DESKTOP-NHHHFLU MINGW64 /e/gitproject/Light-Year-Admin-Using-Iframe-v5 (master)
$ git remote add origin https://gitee.com/AprilDawn/Light-Year-Admin-Using-Iframe-v5.git
error: remote origin already exists.

朱美全@DESKTOP-NHHHFLU MINGW64 /e/gitproject/Light-Year-Admin-Using-Iframe-v5 (master)
$ git pull origin master
From gitee.com:AprilDawn/Light-Year-Admin-Using-Iframe-v5
 * branch            master     -> FETCH_HEAD
Already up to date.

朱美全@DESKTOP-NHHHFLU MINGW64 /e/gitproject/Light-Year-Admin-Using-Iframe-v5 (master)
$ git push
Enumerating objects: 8, done.
Counting objects: 100% (8/8), done.
Delta compression using up to 8 threads
Compressing objects: 100% (5/5), done.
Writing objects: 100% (5/5), 1.54 KiB | 789.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 5 (delta 3), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
remote: Powered by GITEE.COM [GNK-6.4]
To gitee.com:AprilDawn/Light-Year-Admin-Using-Iframe-v5.git
   92bce9a..a4a9167  master -> master

朱美全@DESKTOP-NHHHFLU MINGW64 /e/gitproject/Light-Year-Admin-Using-Iframe-v5 (master)
$ git config user.name
Axovi

朱美全@DESKTOP-NHHHFLU MINGW64 /e/gitproject/Light-Year-Admin-Using-Iframe-v5 (master)
$ git config --global user.name "AprilDawn"

朱美全@DESKTOP-NHHHFLU MINGW64 /e/gitproject/Light-Year-Admin-Using-Iframe-v5 (master)
$ git config user.name
AprilDawn

朱美全@DESKTOP-NHHHFLU MINGW64 /e/gitproject/Light-Year-Admin-Using-Iframe-v5 (master)
$ git config user.email
77489931+Axovi@users.noreply.github.com

朱美全@DESKTOP-NHHHFLU MINGW64 /e/gitproject/Light-Year-Admin-Using-Iframe-v5 (master)
$ git config --global user.email "zmqpersonal@163.com"

朱美全@DESKTOP-NHHHFLU MINGW64 /e/gitproject/Light-Year-Admin-Using-Iframe-v5 (master)
$ git config user.email
zmqpersonal@163.com

朱美全@DESKTOP-NHHHFLU MINGW64 /e/gitproject/Light-Year-Admin-Using-Iframe-v5 (master)
$ git rebase -i HEAD~2
Stopped at a4a9167...  新增首页数字滚动效果
You can amend the commit now, with

  git commit --amend

Once you are satisfied with your changes, run

  git rebase --continue

朱美全@DESKTOP-NHHHFLU MINGW64 /e/gitproject/Light-Year-Admin-Using-Iframe-v5 (master|REBASE 2/2)
$ git commit --amend --author="AprilDawn zmqpersonal@163.com"
fatal: --author 'AprilDawn zmqpersonal@163.com' is not 'Name <email>' and matches no existing author

朱美全@DESKTOP-NHHHFLU MINGW64 /e/gitproject/Light-Year-Admin-Using-Iframe-v5 (master|REBASE 2/2)
$ git commit --amend --author="AprilDawn <zmqpersonal@163.com>"
[detached HEAD 1439011] 新增首页数字滚动效果
 Date: Mon Oct 23 00:16:39 2023 +0800
 2 files changed, 85 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 js/scroll-numbers.js

朱美全@DESKTOP-NHHHFLU MINGW64 /e/gitproject/Light-Year-Admin-Using-Iframe-v5 (master|REBASE 2/2)
$ git rebase --continue
Successfully rebased and updated refs/heads/master.

朱美全@DESKTOP-NHHHFLU MINGW64 /e/gitproject/Light-Year-Admin-Using-Iframe-v5 (master)
$ git push --force
Enumerating objects: 8, done.
Counting objects: 100% (8/8), done.
Delta compression using up to 8 threads
Compressing objects: 100% (5/5), done.
Writing objects: 100% (5/5), 1.53 KiB | 784.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 5 (delta 3), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
remote: Powered by GITEE.COM [GNK-6.4]
To gitee.com:AprilDawn/Light-Year-Admin-Using-Iframe-v5.git
 + a4a9167...1439011 master -> master (forced update)

朱美全@DESKTOP-NHHHFLU MINGW64 /e/gitproject/Light-Year-Admin-Using-Iframe-v5 (master)
$ git config user.name
AprilDawn

朱美全@DESKTOP-NHHHFLU MINGW64 /e/gitproject/Light-Year-Admin-Using-Iframe-v5 (master)
$ git config --global user.name "四月黎明"

朱美全@DESKTOP-NHHHFLU MINGW64 /e/gitproject/Light-Year-Admin-Using-Iframe-v5 (master)
$ git config user.name
四月黎明

朱美全@DESKTOP-NHHHFLU MINGW64 /e/gitproject/Light-Year-Admin-Using-Iframe-v5 (master)
$ git rebase -i HEAD~1
Stopped at 1439011...  新增首页数字滚动效果
You can amend the commit now, with

  git commit --amend

Once you are satisfied with your changes, run

  git rebase --continue

朱美全@DESKTOP-NHHHFLU MINGW64 /e/gitproject/Light-Year-Admin-Using-Iframe-v5 (master|REBASE 1/1)
$ git commit --amend --author="AprilDawn^Czmqpersonal@163.com>"

朱美全@DESKTOP-NHHHFLU MINGW64 /e/gitproject/Light-Year-Admin-Using-Iframe-v5 (master|REBASE 1/1)
$ git commit --amend --author="四月黎明 <zmqpersonal@163.com>"                  [detached HEAD 2e06b8e] 新增首页数字滚动效果
 Date: Mon Oct 23 00:16:39 2023 +0800
 2 files changed, 85 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 js/scroll-numbers.js

朱美全@DESKTOP-NHHHFLU MINGW64 /e/gitproject/Light-Year-Admin-Using-Iframe-v5 (master|REBASE 1/1)
$ git rebase --continue
Successfully rebased and updated refs/heads/master.

朱美全@DESKTOP-NHHHFLU MINGW64 /e/gitproject/Light-Year-Admin-Using-Iframe-v5 (master)
$ git push --force
Enumerating objects: 8, done.
Counting objects: 100% (8/8), done.
Delta compression using up to 8 threads
Compressing objects: 100% (5/5), done.
Writing objects: 100% (5/5), 1.54 KiB | 786.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 5 (delta 3), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
remote: Powered by GITEE.COM [GNK-6.4]
To gitee.com:AprilDawn/Light-Year-Admin-Using-Iframe-v5.git
 + 1439011...2e06b8e master -> master (forced update)

朱美全@DESKTOP-NHHHFLU MINGW64 /e/gitproject/Light-Year-Admin-Using-Iframe-v5 (master)
$

版本控制

#Git

Git克隆和提交代码

https://superlovelace.top/2024/05/10/git使用/

作者

棱境

发布于

2024年5月10日

更新于

2025年2月18日

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Git克隆和提交代码

Git克隆和提交代码

准备

配置

设置个人信息

生成SSH密钥

创建config文件

测试

克隆项目到本地

链接到远程库

克隆项目

项目提交

添加文件

添加注释

推送提交到远程仓库

创建`config`文件